ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
It consist of network of tubules and flat vesicular structure it has a large surface area and consists of outer membrane like cell membrane the space inside the tubules and vesicles is filled with martrix consisting of a watery fluid medium different from cytosol
the major function of endoplasmic reticulum is to transport substances from one part of the cell to the other the large amount of enzymes and vast surface area allow metabolic reaction
endoplasmic reticulum are of two types 1. agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum 2. glandular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum consists of ribosomes on its surface which allow protein synthesis whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum allow metabolism and synthesis of steroids and glycogen
golgi apparatus its shape is like a network of threads it contains large amount of lipoproteins the synthesis of various secretions takes place in the golgi apparatus enzymes ascorbic acid and some other substances are stored here golgi apparatus is the first organelle to be affected by drugs and poisons
secretory granules they store the secretory products of the cell they are found in endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus in addition some ribosomes are also seen distributed in the cytoplasm
centrosomes the cell has a pair of tiny cylindrical structures called centrioles which can be seen only when the cell is dividing the two centrioles together from the centrosome centriole of the centrosomes is situated near the nucleus and play very important role in the cell division before the division of entire cell centriole and centrosome divide into two each two radiating lines grow from the centriole and from achromatic spindle the nucleus divides and chromosomes are equally shared in the achromatic spindle these divided cells are known as daughter cells
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