CO AND COUNTER TRANSPORT::
At many places the active transport of a particular ion may also move other ions water or other substances that accompany the main ion by sharing common carrier across the plasma membrane if both the ion and other solute move in the same direction it is known as co transport entry of glucose with Na+ cl- with Na+ or water with Na+ in kidney is an example of co transport if the other solute move in the direction opposite to the ion it is known as counter transport for example Na+/Ca+ exchange wherein three ions of Na+ are exchanged with one ion of Ca+ in some smooth muscles or cardiac muscles
VESICLE MEDIATED TRANSPORT
This is a process of transport that involves entrapment of substances in the pinched off segments of membranes or sacs called vesicles the substances may move from outside to the interior of the cell (Endocytosis) or from the interior of the cell to outside (Exocytosis)
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