HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON

The appendicular skeleton consists of bones of two upper limbs and two lower limbs 
    The upper limbs or arms are meant for handling the object performing different types of work and movement the lower limbs or legs perform locomotion maintain posture and give stability to the trunk 

THE UPPER LIMB;;

It consists of bones of shoulder upper arm fore arm wrist and fingers clavicle and scapula form the pectoral or shoulder gridle humerus is the bone of the upper arm ulna and radius are two parallel bones of the fore arm there are eight carpals or wrist bones arranged in two rows each of four bones they are followed by five metacarpal bones there are fourteen phalanges which include three for each finger and two for for the thumb 

THE SCAPULA;;

It is a large flat bone which contributes to the wide range of movement of the upper limb the anterior surface of the scapula is slightly hollowed out in conformity with the ribs on which it overlies the posterior surface is slightly convex and is divided into two unequal parts by a large ridge known as spine of the scapula the smaller upper part is the supra spinous fossa and the larger area below is the infraspinous fossa acromion a broad process projects forwards almost at right angles from the lateral end of the spine of the scapula the large irregular mass of bone which projects forwards from the outer end of the upper (superior) border of the scapula is known as coracoid process there is a smooth shallow pearshaped cavity at the lateral angle of the scapula called glenoid cavity it is the cavity where the head of humerus articulates with scapula to form shoulder joint 

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