Muscles of the back::
1. The trapezius muscle is a broad flat muscle situated under the skin in the upper part of the back its origin is on the occipital bone spines of cervical and thoracic vertebrae and its insertion is on the clavicle and scapula the muscle consists of superior middle and inferior portion it is concerned with the movement of held and the scapula in alliance with other muscles the level and poisition of the shoulder is maintained by the tonus of the trapezius
2. the latissimus dorsi is a flat muscle situated under the skin in the lower part of the back and lower part of the thorax its origin is on the spines of lower six vertebrae of the thorax and is inserted on the humerus it abducts extends and rotates the shoulder joint it is useful in climbing
3. the rhomboideus muscle is situated in the upper part of the back it is under the trapezius muscle it draws scapula towards the spine
4.the teres major and teres minor are situated under the rhomboideus muscle
5.the sacrospinalis is a powerful muscle situated by the side of the vertebral column
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