HERIDITARY ANAEMIAS::
A variety of herididitary anaemias result from specific genes which direct the synthesis of abnormal forms of haemoglobin two type of such anaemias are common 1.sickle cell anaemia 2. thalassemia or cooleys anaemia
sickle cell anaemia is a haemolytic condition which is often fatal before the age of 30 years it results from two successive genes that form abnormal B-chains by substituting valine of glutamic acid in the 6th position of each chain when oxygen levels are low the sickle cell haemoglobin molecules may aggregate and cause red blood cells to change from biconcave discs to crescent shapes oxygen transport is impeded capillaries may clog the spleen may enlarge and become painful in sickle cell anaemia the patient becomes highly susceptible to bacterial infections 
thalassemia or cooleys anaemia is more common in people of mediteraneam a frican or as an ancestry this is also a hemolytic anaemia in which spleen may enlarge but its real growth may be stunted thalassemia result from a defect in the synthesis of Hb which produces extremely thin and fragile erythrocytes
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