Variations in leucocyte count::
Diurnal variations occur in WBC count They increase after bath meals exercise etc and are greater in number in the evening than morning
Leucocytosis:Increase in number of WBC beyond 11000/cmm is called leucocytosis in general but increase of specific cells is known as per the name of WBC Neutrophilia Eosinophilia (Acidophilia) and lymphocytosis according to the increase in neutrophils eosinophils or lymphocytes respectively
Neutrophilia or polymorphonuclear leucocytosis occurs in acute infections and acute sepsis physiological increase is found during muscular exercise pregnancy and after adrenaline injection
Eosinophilia: it develops in asthma allergic skin diseases like eczema respiratory infections and worm infestations of the intestine in other words eosinophilia is an indication of some allergic manifestation in the body
Basophilia occurs in allergies worm infections and chicken pox infection
Lymphocytosis is observed during chronic infections which involve immune mechanisms e.g. tuberculosis it also occurs in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and pernicious anaemia lymphocytosis can also be seen during some stages of cancer leukaemias and early stages of Hodgkin"s disease
Increase in monocytes is seen during intracellular infections with protozoa viruses or bacteria and long standing infections
Leukaemia: A preponderant increase in total WBC is named leukaemia or blood cancer Number of WBC in this condition may increase to 80000-100000/cmm or more there are sub varieties of leukaemia:Granulocytic lymphocytic or monocytic leukaemia etc the respective WBC is found in its primitive stages in leukaemia different from that which normally circulates in the blood
Leucopenia: Decrease in number of leucocytes below 4000/cmm in the blood is called leucopenia in some infections like pneumonia and typhoid the total WBC count goes down some simple looking drugs with prolonged use give rise to leucopenia A midopyrine phenacetin etc are often used to relieve headache and sulphas or antibiotics which are taken to relieve certain infections when used for long periods agranulocytosis a semifatal condition
According to the type of cell reduced it is named as neutropenia lymphopenia or eosinopenia when neutrophilst the type of granulocytes are reduced greatly the condition is called agranulocytosis when WBC count goes down to 2000-1000 cmm there is a reduced resistance against infection
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