NORMAL Hb content in the body :
Normally 14.5 gm of Hb in 100cc of blood is considered to be 100% saturation of Hb according to British Standards the value may vary according to sex age and altitube in adult female it may vary from 12 gm to 15 gm with an average of 13.7gm% and in adult males it ranges from 13gm to 16gm with an the average of 14.8gm% new born baby has an average of 20% gm by the end of third month it falls below normal probably due to intense destruction of total Hb and less production of Hb after this it gradually recovers within a year to 12.5 gm
Diurnal variation : in morning Hb is the lowest and it is the highest by evening nearly 5-10% Hb variations occur during the day
Adrenalisation : adrenaline injecation excitement and exercise increase Hb momentarily
properties of haemoglobin:
(1) the most characteristic property of Hb is the ease with which it combines with oxygen and dissociates from it one gm of Hb can take up 1.34cc of oxygen if 15 gm Hb is present in 100 cc blood it can take up 20.1cc of oxygen the maximum volume of oxygen which blood can take up under favourable circumstances is known as oxygen carrying capacity of blood it is expressed as cc % of o2 at NTP Haemoglobin with loosely bound oxygen is called oxythaemoglobin
(2) oxygen of the oxyhaemoglobin can readily be displaced by many other gases forming more stable compounds such as carboxy haemoglobin (with co ) nitric oxide haemoglobin (with NO)sulphahaemoglobin (with H2S) and carbamino haemoglobin or carbohaemoglobin (with CO2)
(3) Haemoglobin can be easily crystalised and the crystals of haemoglobin are characteristic of the species e.g. human blood forms rhombic prisms or needles
(4) Iso electric pH of haemoglobin (reduced Hb) is 6.8 and that of oxyhaemoglobin is 6.6
(5) Treatment of Hb with various chemicals may form various Hb derivatives such as haematin haemin haemochromogen haemosiderin haem (iron containing derivatives ) haematoporphyrin haemopyrole haematoidin and bilirubin(iron free derivatives) some of these derivatives are of physiological significance whereas some help in identification of the person in medico legal cases
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