Anaemia::
Anaemia is a symptom complex or disease recognised by fall in oxygen carrying capacity of blood symptoms of anemia are paleness weakness breathlessness restlessness and loss of appetite it is recognised by reduction in Hb% or RBC% or both
Causes of anaemia:
From the etiology (cause of disease) point of view anaemias can be classified as follows:
1. post haemorrhagic anaemia: it is due to haemorrhage or loss of blood the type of anaemia produced by haemorrhage is of normochromic normocytic where Hb content per RBC and the size of RBC are normal
2. Haemolytic Anaemia: It is due to excessive or abnormal destruction of red blood cells chronic malaria produces anaemia by RBC destruction
3. Nutritional Anaemia : it is due to the deficiency of iron folic acid vit B12 and /or proteins in the diet Among them iron deficiency anaemia and vit B12 deficiency anaemia are very common
4. Aplastic Anaemia: Aplasia means incomplete tissue formation Aplastic anaemia is due to failure of bone marrow funcation this may be due to poisoning by x-ray aromatic organic chemicals toxins cancer and drugs like chloramphenical
A Part from above causes anaemia may be produced by tuberculosis malaria typhoid and other chronic infections like tonsilitis rheumatoid arthritis etc
Diagnosis of anaemia:
one may diagnose anaemia by examining redness of mucous membrane of eye lids or tongue and nails (well cleansed from cosmetic paints) however proper diagnosis of anaemia can be made by finding out the colour index of blood
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