HISTAMINE
Histamine is the first vasoactive amine to be identified in the body
Occurrence of histamine::
All organs and body fluids including central and peripheral nervous system skin and subcutaneous tissue viscera skeletal muscle lung liver mast cells blood urine nasal discharge saliva pus blisters gastric juice etc contain histamine
it is also present in the plant tissue its occurrence is mostly in cell mitochondria or intracellular particles
Release of histamine::
Histamine in the body tissues is found in mast cells its liberation take place during antigen antibody reactions with prior sensitization of the organism with specific antigen mechanical stimuli like injury to the tissue cold heat and ultraviolet rays also cause release of histamine
Histamine is a base and is bound to acid groups like carboxyl thiol and phosphate of the cellular proteins any base stronger than histamine displaces histamine from the bound form in plasma proteins
Antigen (protein in nature) snake spider and bee bites bacterial toxins acids alkalies proteolytic enzymes (trypsin) detergents macromolecules like dextran and polyvinyl pyrrolidone cause release of histamine drugs with tertiary and quarternary nitrogen atoms particularly like d- tubocurarine morphine codeine and atropine also cause the release of histamine in the body
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