Fever:(Pyrexia)
It means abnormally high body temperature in response to invading micro-organisms body temperature is regulated by hypothalamus which is normally at approximately 37c (98.4F) In response to microbial attack the macrophages destroy some of the microbes and release certain chemicals of bacterial origin(pyrogens) which cause release of prostaglandins in hypothalamus prostaglandins change the setting of body temperature to higher temperatures resulting in fever fever helps in destroying bacteria by inhibiting certain bacterial enzymes and also prevent nutrient supply from body to bacteria high body temperature also increase the metabolic rate of body tissue and thus activate body immune system
INFLAMMATION
Inflammation is usually regarded as a pathological state however it is a physiological response of the living tissue to injury provided the injury is not of such a degree as to cause necrosis (cell-death) or loss of vitality the response involves reaction in tissue cells blood vessels and blood cells (WBCs) and it consists of a sequence of changes that have ultimate aim of destroying the causative agent and healing of the wound the clinical signs of inflammation are redness (rubor) swelling (tumour) heat (calor) and pain(dolor)
Injury may be due to trauma ligature (mechanical) heat electricity ultraviolet rays (physical factors) strong acids alkalies poisons (chemical factors) bacteria protozoas or fungi (living agents ) lymphokins and complement system
The inflammation may be of two types : Acute or chronic Acute inflammation is characterised by vascular phenomenon and exudation chronic inflammation is characterised by proliferative changes Acute inflammation lasts for a short time and involves mainly polymorphonuclear cells chronic inflammation lasts for longer time and involve lymphocytes vascular phenomenon may also be seen in chronic inflammation
0 Comments