The Arterial System (part-1)
The main artery arising from the left ventricle is the aorta it forms an arch and turns downwards and backward Arch of aorta gives off brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery ) left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery on the left side the brachiocephalic trunk divides into right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery on the right side two common carotid arteries divide into external and internal carotid arteries External carotid arteries supply the blood to thyroid gland tongue throat face ears scalp and dura mater internal carotid arteries supply the blood to brain eyes forehead and nose the subclavian arteries supply the blood to the upper limbs the name of these arteries is given according to the region it supplies the subclavian arteries continue as axillary artery in axilla and brachial artery in upper arm the brachial artery of the respective side divides into ulnar and radial arteries these arteries pass down to palm and anastomose to form palmar arches which give out digital arteries to supply blood to the fingers
The subclavian artery before passing into axilla gives off a major branch to brain called vertebral artery two vertebral arteries of each side anastomose with right and left internal carotid arteries to form an arterial circle at the base of the brain called the circle of willis form this circle arises various branches to the brain
The aorta after forming an arch (arch of aorta) continues downwards as thoracic aorta arteries arising out form thoracic aorta in the chest region are intercostal (supplying to intercostal pectoral and abdominal muscles) phrenic (supplying to diaphragm ) pericardial (supplying to pericardium) bronchial (supplying to bronchioles and lungs ) esophageal (supplying to esophagus) and mediastinal (supplying to mediastinum)
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