Physiological Variations::
Physiological variations occur for systolic blood pressure only if there is a change in diastolic BP it is of clinical significance and must be attended to for the proper treatment if diastolic BP is above 90 person may be called to have mild hypertension if it is above 100 it is certainly hypertensive
A. Age : The standard systolic BP at different phases of life is as follows:
Infancy 70-90 mmHg Adults 120-130 mmHg Childhood 90-110 mmHg Old age 140-150mmHg
Puberty 110-120mmHg
B. Body Built:: Over weight persons have a tendency to have high BP High BP tendency is also hereditary in nature
C.Climate: BP is higher in cold climate that in hot climate
D.Diurnal:BP is maximum during the day lower in the morning and lowest during sleep at night
E.Excitement and Shock: BP temporarily increases with excitement and emotions and decreases with shock
F. Food: A small BP rise follows after meals
G.Gravitational force : Standing BP is higher than sitting BP and sitting is higher than that in the lying down position This is postural variation in normal person
H. Hormones : Adrenaline is secreted from adrenal medulla in response to stress and it increases blood pressure by increasing cardiac output and vasoconstriction Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticosteroids and aldosterone which cause fluid retention and hence increase in blood pressure Apart from hormones from adrenal gland thyroxine (from thyroid gland ) and renin agitotensin (from kidney ) also increase blood pressure
I. Sleep :SP is found less by 10-15mmHg during sleep
J. Sex: Women on an average show slightly lower figures than men
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