VASCULAR DISORDERS::
Hypertension:
It is a chronic increase in arterial blood pressure in general if the diastolic pressure is more than 90 mmHg and the systolic pressure more than 150 mm Hg the person is said to be hypertensive though in the old-age it is permissible as normal limit
Hypertension may be classified as of two types : Primary or Essential hypertension and secondary hypertension
Primary hypertension is not linked to a single known aetiology it may be due to stress high sodium diet and so on when the exact cause is not known it is called Essential hypertension
secondary Hypertension is the condition of hypertension secondary to some disorder it may be associated with renal parenchymal diseases or with disorder like pheochromocytoma (adrenal- medulla cancer) cushings syndrome (elevated adrenal activity ) primary aldosteronism hyperthyrodism myxoedema renal vascular disorders etc
Hypotension ::
It is a decrease in arterial blood pressure where systolic BP is less than 100 mmHg and diastolic BP is less than 60 mmHg in adult it is also usually of a chronic nature and is often associated with weak and thin anaemic persons it is not a disease when it is within limits hypotension with symptoms needs treatment
Postural Hypotension:: when a subject changes the posture from the lying down position to the upright there is a reflex rise in BP to compensate for a momentary hypotension which results due to gravitational pulling down of blood in the lowers extremities After adrenergic blockade this change does not occur as a result there is hypotension while changing the posture this is known as postural hypotension in the norms standing BP is more than sitting and it is least in the lying down position order is reversed in such patients This is the reason why old persons change their posture slowly
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