NATURE OF WORK CALORIE REQUIREMENT ::
Further the calorie requirement varies with the type of work as follows:
1.Sedentary brain workers need less food whereas those doing physical exertion need much more as per the nature and duration of their work
2.Manual workers such as a factory worker farmer and a soldier on the field need more calories and so more food
3.A school going student needs as much as an adult and he needs more proteins to build up his body
4.children proportionately need more food (proteins and carbohydrates ) since they have to grow
5. An infant i.e child under 1 year gets diet which gives only 600-1000 C
6.A Pregnant lady needs 300 C extra for the foetus lactating (breast feeding ) mother needs extra 400-500 to supply milk to the baby Both pregnant and lactating mothers need more of proteins in their diet
7. Ladies normally need little less than men since they weigh less and have to exert less
Essential of nutrition and Metabolism::
During metabolism glycogen is broken down in the absence of oxygen to pyruvic or lactic acid this is an Anaerobic metabolism known as glycolysis then further oxidation takes place in the presence of oxygen yielding CO2 and H2O in kred s cycle this is the aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are synthesised in the body from fats and proteins (non carbohydrate source) This process is known as neoglycogenesis vitamins like thaianmine riboflavin nicotinic acid pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid function as co-enzyme and help in metabolism
Insulin decrease the blood sugar level while glucagon adrenal cortex hormones (corticosterioids) thyroid hormones anterior pituitary hormones etc. Increase the blood sugar level hypoglycaemia is a condition in which blood sugar level is below 80 mg per 100 ml while in hyperglycaemia it is above 180 mg per 100 ml in diabetes mellitus hyperglycaemia occurs with glucose level higher than 180 mg per 100 ml followed by excretion of glucose in the urine
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