CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM::
Enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrate forms glucose in gastro intestine tract it is absorbed through portal system glucose is stored as liver glycogen or muscle glycogen muscle glycogen is an immediate source of energy while liver glycogen is a reserve source of energy glucose is oxidised in the tissues and supply energy this is the process of glycolysis The major part of the daily energy requirement is obtained from glucose oxidation Glucose helps in maintenance of the normal blood sugar level :80-120 mg % when the blood sugar is decreased liver glycogen is converted into glucose by the process known as glycogenolysis and when the glucose level in the blood increases then glucose is converted into glycogen by the process glycogenesis insulin helps in regulating the blood sugar level
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| Interconversion of carbohydrates proteins and fats to common metabolic pool |
During metabolism glycogen is broken down in the absence of oxygen to pyruvic or lactic acid this is an Anaerobic metabolism known as glycolysis then further oxidation takes place in the pressence of oxygen yielding CO2 and H2O in kreds cycle This is the Aerobic metabolism of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are synthesised in the body from fats and proteins (non-carbohydrate source) This process is known as neoglycogenesis Vitamins like thiamine riboflavin nicotinic acid pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid function as co-enzyme and help in metabolism
Insulin decrease the blood sugar level while glucagon adrenal cortex hormones (corticosterioids) thyroid hormones anterior pituitary hormones etc increase the blood sugar level hypoglycaemia is a condition in which blood sugar level is below 80 mg per 100 ml while in hyperglycaemia it is above 180 mg per 100 ml in diabetes mellitus hyperglycaemia occurs with glucose level higher than 180 mg per 100 ml followed by excretion of glucose in the urine .
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