PHOSPHOROUS::
About 0.88g of phosphate is the minimum need of a person weighing 70 kg Sources of phosphorous are dairy products meat fish poultry and nuts About 80% of the total phosphates in the body is stored in bones and teeth Remainder is distributed in muscle brain cells and blood Blood phosphorous levels are controlled by parathyroid and calcitonin hormones
Phosphorous performs more funcation than any other minerals It is required for the formation of bones and teeth It constitutes a major buffer system of blood phosphates also play an important role in muscle contraction and nerve activity it is a component of many enzymes and is involved in transfer and storage of energy (ATP) Phosphate is also an important constituent of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
Sodium::
The only salt consumed in diet is sodium chloride (NaCl) However it is also found in many of the foods milk and vegetables The minimum requirement of NaCl is 1-2g daily However customs vary considerably with the average intake of NaCl 8-10g which is far in excess
Sodium is found abundantly in extracellular fluids and some in bones it is an important ion for the maintenance of excitability in muscles and nerves it strongly affects distribution of body water through osmosis Sodium is an essential part of bicarbonates system vital for acid base balance
Maintenance of optimum sodium concentration is very essential Excess of sodium may cause edema and hypertension Althrough very uncommon depletion of sodium causes decrease in extracellular fluid and plasma volume resulting in a decrease in cardiac output and circulatory failure Under these circumstances acid base balance also gets disturbed and there is decrease in excitability of muscles and nerves
Chloride:::
It is an accompanying anion maintaining electrical neutrality and acid base equilibrium Thus it is also found in extracellar fluids Normal intake of NaCl supplies the required amounts (10-12 gm/day) of chloride Chloride is also required for the formation of HCl in stomach Chloride is also essential for the action of ptyalin and pancreatic amylase Further chloride shift is an important phenomenon by which CO2 is transported
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