Types of Reflexes ::
There are mainly two types of reflexes :;
1.Unconditioned or Inborn Reflexes: These reflexes are inherent fixed and cannot be altered normally They are of different types :
a.Superficial Reflexes :: The stimulus is received by the skin e.g.corneal reflex abdominal reflex planter reflex etc
b. Deep Reflexes: Stimulus is given on the tendon of the muscle so that the related muscle contracts e.g. knee jerk bicep jerk ankle jerk etc.
c. Visceral Reflexes :: Reflexes arising from visceral organs e.g digestive reflexes like vomiting and defecation circulatory sex and respiratory reflex of sneezing
2.Conditioned or Acquired Reflexes ::
A russian physiologist Dr . I.V. Pavlov repeatedly presented dogs with a piece of meat and simultaneously rang a bell The sound of the bell associated in the dogs mind with the sight of food and smell caused salivation Then Pavlov rang the bell only without presenting the meat it was observed that the dog salivated in response to the ringing of the bell by this experiment he demonstrated that conditioned reflexes can be acquired by practice Such reflexes are called conditioned reflexes
These reflexes arise by practice e.g. reading typing and writing In such habits some element of conscious effort is involved The Psychic element enters into most of the conditioned reflexes e.g. salivation by sight or smell of the food and secretion of gastric juice even before food enters the stomach
Speech i.e. language utterance is the most complicated of the established conditioned reflexes in man How difficult it was to speak even a new word in infancy without understanding and how easy quick and natural it is to understand and speak now
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