ABNORMAL TYPES OF RESPIRATION
1. Periodic Breathing or Cheyne Stoke s breathing ::
Here rapid and deep breathing (Hyperpnoea) is followed by a period of no breathing (apnoea) This alternate cycle keeps on repeating There is an ascending rate depth due to increased accumulation of CO2 which becomes slower and slower and then stops for a little while with deep and fast breathing CO2 gets quickly washed out and the lungs do not get their stimulus of CO2 Thus breathing stops because of less alveolar CO2 in the lungs This is cessation of breathing known as apnoea It gives rise to CO2 accumulation in the lung which stimulates the breathing again This is how this alternate type of hypernoea apnoea cycle of breathing continues
Cheyne Stokes or periodic breathing is often seen in children during sleep it is found in uraemia raised intracranial pressure and opiumpoisoning it is a serious condition herelding death
2.Dyspnoea ::
This implies difficult breathing if one is not trained with hyperpnoea (heavy breathing ) then one also becomes dyspnoeic it is produced by lack of O2 excess of CO2 acidosis low blood pressure emotional excitement reflex pain etc Dyspnoea is also found in many a disease namely asthma pneumonia heart disease anaemia acidosis and in severe muscular exercise and in high altitude mountain climbing
3. Asphyxia ::
Few minutes of continuous improper aeration results in asphyxia which if continued results in death Asphyxia can be general or local Asphyxia results from obstruction of trachea or pneumothroax which prevents expansion of the lungs it results from combined ill effects of CO2 excess and oxygen lack which continues and therefore deepens the asphyxia i.e suffocation occurs in the first stage it shows excitement i.e convulsions and salivation resulting in increased respiratory reflexes final stage shows slow and deep respiration unconsciousness fall of blood pressure loss of reflexes cyanosis and death All the stages combined do not last for more than five minutes
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