MENINGES :::
The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by three coverings beneath the bones These layers from within outward are ::
1. Pia mater
2.Arachnoid mater
3.Dura matter
The paimater closely covers the brain and spinal cord it is very delicate highly vascular and dips down into the fissures of the cortex of brain
The Arachnoid mater : It is a delicate layer lying between dura mater and pia mater The archnoid mater extends to the level of the second sacral vertebrae it is thin and consists of epithelial tissue in between archnoid mater and pia mater there is a space called subarachnoid space the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Fills up this space The CSF can be obtained from the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region Analysis of this fluid is of diagnostic importance
The Dura mater : It is the outer most tough fibrous membrane extending down to the level of second sacral vertebra it consists of two layers The external layer remains closely apposed to the interior of the skull or vertebral canal The internal layer at place sends extensions to form fissures like falx cerebri falx cerebelli etc These is a space between dura mater and arachnoid mater called subdural space All the meninges give protection to the brain and the spinal cord
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