PAIN ::
Pain is one of the most common symptoms for many diseases it is a major protective mechanism which gives a warning of something wrong in the body so that one can take measures to correct the ailment Unlike other sensations pain does not give any information about the status of the body Further the pain is a subjective mechanism and may be accompanied by some physiological responses such as reflex withdrawal movements change in vasomotor tone pulse rate blood pressure palpitation in heart heavy or apnoestic breathing and sweating Pain is of great significance if it is developed in the early stage of a disease as in case of acute appendicitis wherein one can take immediate measures to overcome the disease Diseases like cancer wherein pain is not evident untill the process is well advanced are much more difficult to manage
Pain can be of two types ::(1) Somatic pain and (2) Visceral pain
Somatic pain is the pain arising from the skin and from the deep structures like muscles bones and joints it is usually well defined and may be accompained by contraction of the surrounding skeletal muscles Visceral pain on the other hand is diffuse less easily localised and often referred it is dull and aching in character and may be accompanied by sweating change in vasomotor tone blood pressure heart rate breathing and even sudden shock Somatic pain may be due to various physical stimuli that may be thermal (increase in temperature above 45.c or decrease in temperature to about o.c ) mechanical (like excessive pressure or tension ) electrical or chemical (such as strong acids ) Visceral pain may be due to ischaemia (loss of blood supply) chemical irritants (as in case of peptic ulcer ) stretching of viscera or spasm of a particular organ etc
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