HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

 THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE ::

During menstrual phase the endometrium sheds blood and mucus etc which pass out through vagina It usually lasts for 4 days but it may range from 3 to 5 days beyond which it may be considered as abnormal Various hormones such as estrogen progesterone follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutenizing hormone (LH) are found in minimum quantity In fact the decline of these hormone levels are responsible for this menstrual phase 


                        In proliferative phase as the name suggests the proliferation of endometrium takes place the estrogen levels are on rise during this phase and reaches the highest at the end of this phase it is also known as estrous phase and it is the estrogen responsible for the proliferation FSH and LH levels are also increased during this period Under the influence of these hormones the development and maturation of Graffian follicles start hence this phase is also known as follicular phase This phase lasts for about 10-14 days i.e from 5th to 15th or 20 th day 
                Before 14 days of the start of the menstruation there is sudden rise in FSH and LH levels The Graffian follicle of one ovary ruptures to liberate an ovum This is called ovulation The body temperature rises by 1 F on the day ovulation 
                                After the ovulation the endometrium becomes more secretive under the influence of progesterone hence this phase is known as progesterous phase Both estrogen and progesterone levels are maintained high and corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured Graffian follicle This phase lasts for about 14 days The corpus luteum degenerates if ovum does not get fertilized if the fertilization occurs the vitality of corpus luteum is maintained 


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