HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

 PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF INSULIN ::

1.Carbohydrate metabolism ::

Insulin increases the oxidation of sugar in the tissues and stimulates transport of glucose into the cells It increases glycogen synthesis in muscle and liver The net result is hypoglycemia (decrease in blood sugar level) Gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non carbohydrate source ) is also decreased 

2.Protein metabolism ::

Insulin stimulates protein synthesis and growth it increases synthesis of messenger RNA and decreases gluconeogenesis It also increases amino acid uptake in the muscle 

3.Lipid metabolism ::

In adipose tissues insulin increases fatty acid synthesis glycerol phosphate synthesis and triglyceride deposition It also activates lipoprotein - lipase There may be decrease in breakdown of triglycerides 

4.Miscellaneous actions ::

Insulin prevents ketone body formation and increases potassium uptake it increases ketone uptake