SPORADIC ::
These are the diseases which are scattered and occur here and there occasionally
Endemic ::
It is the outburst of comparably large number of cases of communicable diseases throughout the year to approximately the same extent in a particular area In otherwords it is the occurence spread and maintenance of a disease in a restrictriced area e.g. cholera in Varansai Filariasis in surat tuberculosis in Ahmedabad kalaazar in Assam were endemic in the past Now it is not so because of improved sanitation modern therapy and health education
Epidemic ::
It is the quick spread on a mass scale of an infectious disease with a peak point in a short time and also its disappearance in a short time as the population develops an immunity against that disease In otherwords it is the outburst of spread and disappearance of an infectious disease in a particular area Epidemic of viral conjunctivitis in Mumbai affecting millions of people s eyes reached a peak and also disappeared in a short time Infective jaundice or viral hepatitis in Ahmedabed (1984) Dengue in Delhi (1996) are also the example in point
Pandemic ::
An epidemic type of infection that spreads fast all over the world is termed as pandemic Influenza spreading all over the world in an year is said to assume a pandemic form One can trace country to country being heavily infected with viral influenza
Quarantine ::
It is the prohibition or isolation imposed on the persons who had been in contact with patients or microbes from mixing with other persons for the incubation period of that infective disease If they remain unaffected they are safe to mix with others
Toxins ::
These are the substances produced by microbes and have harmful or poisonous effect on the human body Toxins are of two types : exotoxin and endotoxin
1.Exotoxins ::
If the toxins pass out of the living microbes and affect the tissues of the host (patient) they are called exotoxins Toxins of tetanus pass out of the bacteria and keep on affecting distant tissues of the host
2.Endotoxins ::
They are liberated only when bacteria die Since they are inside the cell they are harmful after the death of bacteria Most of the toxins produced by bacteria are endotoxins e.g. S.typhi B streptococci etc
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