PHYSIOLOGY OF AGEING ::
Gerontology is a multidisciplinary study of old age from various points of view biological medical sociological and economical it is an important branch of medicine in developed countries where old people are left uncared by their sons and daughters In india the aged people are well taken care of under the joint family system But with the fast developing industrialization and urbanisation individualistic tendency is replacing the joint family system Under the present conditions of economical unstability this phase of life is proving harder day by day Thus old age is the period when medical assistance is most needed and yet least provided for
Physiological changes due to ageing ::
At celluar level there may be gene mutations in somatic cells or some harmful substances are produced that decrease the vitality of the vorganism or some organ system The granules in the cell cytoplasm become finer and finally disappear Nuclei become more compact and tiny DNA RNA and ATP the symbols of continued vigour and activity of cells decrease Nuclei show cavitation and the metabolic decline
Skin and appearance ::
Skin suffers and betrays changes due to age People Show obvious wrinkles on their face after 50-60 years The skin develops deep pigmented spots Moles and talangiectasis may also be noticed in many cases The hair become grey in old people and some do become bald Elasticity of the skin is on the whole decreased and nails become pale and brittle Wounds don t heal quickly and often there is vitamin deficiency signs
Joints and Bone ::
Bones loose calcium and break easily .Osteoporosis may develop The cartilages become hard and osteoarthritis develop in many cases affecting locomotion This may lead to old age falls fractures and haemorrhages In old weight of the body is reduced due to loss of tissue and general weakness may develop as age advances above 60 years
Digestive system and Nutrition ::
Body temperature decreases and old persons complain of cold and may shiver The calorific needs are decreased Liver and alimentary tract produce less digestive huice Appetite digestion and absorption become poor Teeth are lost in 40% of the persons above 60 years
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