EXCRETORY SYSTEM ::
Channels of Excretion::
Kidneys skin liver lungs digestive tract and salivary glands are the chief organs of excretion kidneys and partly the skin excrete soluble substances and water from the blood Lungs excrete CO2 and water vapour ammonia ketone bodies alcohol aromatic oils etc Skin excretes water salts little urea etc Fats are also excreted in the form of sebum liver excretes fatty substances through bile Colon excretes heavy metals They are also excreted through the liver and the salivary glands Various excretory organs are described at their proper places Here we incorporate only the urinary system and skin for discussion
URINARY SYSTEM ::
Anatomy ::
The main organs of urinary system are two kidneys one on the right side and other on the left side They are situated deep on the posterior wall of upper abdomen Kidney is bean shaped it has the size of a small fist on its head there is an adrenal -gland which is also called suprarenal because it is situated above the kidney (renal) The front of the right kidney bears the impression of the part of duodenum on its front whereas the left one is crossed in front by the pancreas transversely
Kidney consists of an outer cortex and an inner medullary portion on the inner side there are projections called pyramids and hollows called calyces Minor and major calyces unite to form a dilated part called pelvis of the kidney This dilated part terminates into a tubular structure called ureter which opens in the urinary bladder
The urine formed in the kidney is transported to the urinary bladder through ureters urinary bladder passes the urine out through tube called urethra In males the urethra is a common passage for urine and the semen hence it is the urinogenital tube in females the urethra opens independently to the exterior
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