Diarrhoea ::
It is caused by Giardia intestinalis Proteus vulgaris Clostridium welchii Bact morgani Ps pyosyanea Sh sonnei and Sh flexner Presence of tumour in gastrointestinal tract may produce diarrhoea Overeating indigestible food eating over ripe or under ripe fruits food poisoning etc are the causes of diarrhoea Rarely allergic diarrhoea also occurs
Bacillary and amoebic dysentery are endemic in the tropical countries People of all ages Suffer from bacillary dysentery Amoebic dysentery is rare in children Bacillary dysentery is a seasonal disease especially seen in summer and early autumn Food and water contaminated with excreta and soil soaked with excreta is the source of infection Flies may sit on such contaminants and thus act as carrier
Poliomyelitis ::
It is an acute infectious disease affecting central nervous system The causative organism is polio virus These viruses enter through mouth and are lodged in oropharynx for about a week During this period patient has high fever headache nausea bodyache sore throat etc The viruses then have access to the CNS and in many cases produce motor neurone damage This results in musscle dystrophy and paralysis Children are more susceptible to this diseses
Infective Hepatitis ::
This is another water borne disease caused by the hepatitis virus The initial symptoms of the disease are fever chills headache fatigue generalised weakness aches and pains specially on the right side of the subcostal margin of the abdomen followed by loss of appetite nausea vomiting along with passage of dark yellow urine Patient develops jaundice
After few days fever comes down but other symptoms persist After third week patient starts improving and recovers in four to six weeks However damage to liver takes long time to heal or it is not repaired
In a few cases (5-10%) hepatitis instead of subsiding becomes more intense and causes excessive degeneration of parenchymatous cells of the liver leading to Hepatic necrosis In such cases 75% of the liver is necrosed resulting in consequent kidney and heart damage hepatic coma and often death
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