Cholera ::
It is a bacterial diseases and it used to be endemic in certain parts of india It is caused by comma shaped Gram negative bacteria called Vibrio cholerae It is found in the stools and vomitus of the patient It grows at 30.C- 40.C and dies at 55.C in 15 minutes It grows rapidly in polluted water milk sewage food etc
Cholera is an infectious disease characterised by diarrhoea cramps in legs vomiting severe thirst and a decrease in urinary flow stools appear like rice water Finally symptoms such as cold skin weak and rapid pulse etc develop and the patient finally collapses It s incubation period is 1 or 2 days but can extend upto 10 days
The disease can be diagnosed by the microscopic examination of the stool and /or vomit If cholera infection is present then live comma shaped cholera bacteria are seen under the microscope in a hanging drop preparation
Enteric Fever ::
Typhoid and paratyphoid are covered under enteric fever Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphoid is caused by salmonella paratyphi A or B This disease is common throughout the world Incubation period varies from 10 to 14 days There is severe frontal headache and backache with girgling and heaviness in the abdomen Fever rises by 1.C daily pulse becomes slow and dicrotic and tongue is found dry and coated with swollen edges Patient becomes drowsy and delirious as the disease advances The causative microbes are found in blood faeces and urine It can be diagnosed by blood culture or Widal s test
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