METHOD OF PREVENTION IN MALARIA ::
1.Control of breeding of mosquitoes : Good drainage system is necessary Drainage should be narrow and deep Prevent the collection of rainy water near the house There should not be weeds or canals near the house pits along the roadside railway lines wells tanks and canals should be filled up so that no water can accumulate there these steps prevent breeding of mosquitoes
2. Destruction of mosquitoes :: There are various measures by which mosquitoes can be killed eg. spraying kerosene or diesel oil on the water surface D.D.T. (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro -ethane ) is powerful to kill adult mosquitos even in small quantity It is used as a 5% to 10% oily solution Currently due to the widely reported resistance of vector to DDT and BHC these agents are rarely used these days Aceto -arsenite of copper known as Parisgreen is mixed with slaked lime and sprayed where there is breeding of mosquitoes Gamaxine is used to prevent mosquito breeding in wet crops Sometimes larvicidal fish is put into water by which breeding of mosquito can be controlled Dieldrin is another insecticide used to destroy mosquitoes and flies
3.Prevention of mosquito-bites ::The doors and windows of houses should have wire netting Mosquito net is useful Suitable clothes should be used and repellants like dimethylphathalate citronella oil sandlewood oil eucalyptus oil etc can be rubbed on the surface of the body Certain smells of vapours and red yellow colours are repellants to mosquitoes Mosquitoes like dark places such as black coat umbrella old broken pots etc so it is best to keep these things covered
4.Parasiticidal drugs :: Drugs like quinine camoquine chloroquine mepacrine proguanil etc are used to kill the parasites when they are circulating in the blood They can be used both as prophylactic and curative measures of theses antimalarials like camoquine proguanil (paludrine ) pyremethamine (daraprime) etc are of great prophylactic and curative value whereas quinine is only of suppressive value drugs like sulphamethoprim or sulphamethoxine with daraprim combination has been found effective as an excellent prophylactic
During malarial epidemics after suppressing malaria one tablet of camoquine or pentaquine and one of daraprim should be taken once a week for six weeks as a preventive measure by the whole population to prevent the spread through healthy carriers
5. Identification of the source of infection :: Healthy carriers should be traced by blood smear examinations which can detect the malarial parasite in the blood Enlarged spleen is an index of spread of malaria during its epidemic in malarial epidemics beside antimalarials in long standing cases antianaemic drugs should be given since malaria gives rise to secondary anaemia
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